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The TURF[TECH]REPORT – Iron’s Function in Plant Health

February 2, 2018

The TURF[TECH]REPORT – Iron’s Function in Plant Health

February 2, 2018
Iron is one of the most recognizable micronutrients in plant science. Although needed in small quantities, its impact on plant health is profound. Iron is a key component of various enzymes involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll (dark green pigmented molecules that drive photosynthesis in plants). Iron transports oxygen, as well as carries electrons throughout the plant. When turf grass is suffering from an iron deficiency, its physical appearance is negatively impacted. Turf grass that exhibits a rich, deep green color can only be achieved when iron is abundant in the soil. Interestingly, iron comes in many forms. In this article, we’ll discuss the various forms of iron available in the market so that you can choose which form is best for your turf.

IRON UPTAKE IN PLANTS
Iron uptake typically occurs under the soil surface at the root tips. Iron is transported in the form of various organic complexes or chemical compounds, but rarely in its pure atomic form. The common forms of iron that plants uptake are the oxidized states, Fe2+ (ferrous form - soluble) and Fe3+ (ferric form –insoluble). Uptake occurs in various ways, including a chelation mechanism whereby plants release siderophores (molecules that bind and transport iron which enhance iron’s solubility.) Iron is most efficiently taken up by new roots or root hairs, so it is important to maintain a healthy and active root system for optimal plant health.
sources of iron chart

TYPE OF IRON 

After examining the chart to the right, it may seem most appealing to use the iron fertilizer with the highest percentage of Fe, but that is not necessarily the case. Let’s break it down and figure out which iron fertilizers are best for plant and turf health.


IRON SULFATES (FERROUS SULFATE, FERRIC SULFATE)

Iron sulfates are some of the more commonly used granular iron fertilizers in the market. Many iron sulfate fertilizers contain ferrous iron sulfate which is more readily available for the plant than ferric sulfate fertilizers (which are dependent on soil pH). For example, if the soil is alkaline, the iron sulfate in the iron fertilizer will convert to an unavailable form of iron. It’s more beneficial to apply ferrous iron over ferric iron fertilizers. Staining may occur on concrete if not swept away after application, especially during wet conditions.


IRON SUCRATE (FERRIC SUCRATE)

Another well-known granular iron fertilizer, iron sucrate is produced by combining iron oxide with sugars. This type of iron has limited water solubility so it is less prone to staining. This fertilizer is desirable for areas that have large potential staining areas. Compared to iron sulfates, iron sucrates are less prone to staining when quickly swept off concrete.


IRON OXIDES (FERROUS OXIDE, FERRIC OXIDE)

Iron oxides present some of the highest percentages of iron. It may seem logical to choose any one of these as an iron source for turf, however iron oxide is completely unavailable for plant uptake above a pH of 6.0.
IRON CHELATE (can be a foliar spray)
This is a form of iron that can easily be absorbed by turf, resulting in a quick response when applied to soil. Chelated iron is responsible for the quick green up observed within a few days after application. Since most plants already produce small amounts of chelates, this additional application will allow the plant to obtain iron more efficiently, especially in soils that are experiencing less than optimal pH levels. Iron chelates protect iron from converting into a less available form. There are three forms of chelated iron:
  • DTPA iron: Largest molecules of the iron chelates. Stable up to a pH of 7.0, can bond with multiple metals and other compounds to help transport iron into the plant easier.
  • EDDHA iron: Mid-range molecule size of the iron chelates. Most stable of the iron chelates; most resistant to converting into a less available form of iron at almost every pH range.
  • EDTA iron: Smallest molecules of the iron chelates. Stable up to a pH of 6.5; can bond with multiple metals and other compounds to help iron transport into the plant easier. Will more readily release its iron atom once transported to its destination within the plant.
NATURAL ORGANICS
Natural organics such as biosolids, iron humate and compost contain small amounts of iron. Iron found in natural organic compounds tends to be more available to the plant since it is naturally present in the organic substrate. Larger amounts of organics need to be used due to these compounds typically containing small amounts of iron. Staining still may occur on concreted, but less likely compared to sulfates, sucrates and oxides.

OPTIMAL IRON LEVELS IN SOIL
35-100ppm
  • Note: mg/kg is equivalent to parts per million (ppm)
IRON IN SOIL – FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE IRON AVAILABILITY 
According to the Nutri-Facts facts article, “It’s not Surprising–Iron Is Required by Plants,” most soils contain thousands of pounds of iron but much of it is not readily available for plant uptake; this is why iron deficiencies in turf are so common. As mentioned previously, iron aids in the synthesis of chlorophyll, so it’s no surprise that plants deficient in iron suffer from a condition called “chlorosis.” Chlorosis is commonly diagnosed by a pale green color, yellowing sheathes, sharp distinction between its interveinal issues and its leaf veins. Often these symptom first appear when younger leaves begin to yellow. Severe iron deficiency symptoms can manifest by turning the entire plant white. There are several different soil factors that can influence and lead to iron deficiencies, such as:
iron soil ph nutrient chart
SOIL pH IMBALANCES
Iron becomes readily available in a soil where pH is 6.0. Liming acidic soils is a necessity in order to optimize turf health but an overload of applications can cause iron deficiencies.

LOW LEVELS OF ORGANIC MATTER
Many plants are unable to take up nutrients from the soil without the assistance of organic compounds produced by beneficial microbes. These small living organisms consume organic matter (dead plant residues) and through digestion, turn this matter into nutrients a plant can absorb, thus fostering the kind of environment that promotes plant growth and health. Low levels of beneficial soil microbes may indirectly lead to low levels of available iron for plant consumption.

NUTRIENT IMBALANCE
The proper distribution of primary (N, P, K), secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, N) in the soil (and ultimately in the plant) is fundamental in order to fully reap the benefits of proper turf management practices (fertilizer, control products and soil amendment applications). A balance between all these nutrients is essential in order to maintain a soil conducive to optimal turf health. For example, excessive phosphorous (P) levels can trigger iron deficiencies. Focusing on feeding the soil can enhance plant/lawn health and nutrient uptake.

Iron deficiencies in turf are sometimes difficult to pin-point because multiple factors (including but not limited to other nutrient deficiencies or imbalances) can overshadow them. The absence of iron may also be mistaken for pest infestations, disease or herbicide damage. If chlorosis-like symptoms occur, test the soil to establish existing soil fertility, pH, and composition.

MANAGING IRON DEFICIENCIES 
Iron deficiencies can be managed with a short-term application of an iron-based foliar spray or with nitrogen fertilizers, although the best mode of action is prevention. New roots and root hairs become active during the iron uptake process. When outside factors interfere with root development (such as poorly balanced soils or imbalanced nutrients), iron uptake is disrupted. Identifying the true cause of an iron deficiency with a soil test can create a better understanding of why iron is depleted in turf while preventing the problem from occurring again. Focusing on (1) feeding the soil and (2) maintaining a healthy and active root system are paramount in helping to keep turf free from any potential iron deficiencies.

For professional fertilizers, humic and AMP-XC™ enriched products available, please visit TurfCare’s online Product Catalog.
 
For green industry professionals or others interested in ordering Turfcare products, please contact our Customer Service to find a distributor near you.
Resources:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/iron-for-plants.htm
http://www.agrsci.jp/ras/article/view/12/26
http://www.fritind.com/nutri_facts.html
http://www.fritind.com/pdf/IRON_nutri.PDF
http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=cafes_dean
https://extension.psu.edu/turfgrass-fertilization-a-basic-guide-for-professional-turfgrass-managers
https://www.incitecpivotfertilisers.com.au/en/Agronomy/~/media/Files/IPF%20Migration/FertFacts/IronFS/IronFSV3IIPLGK14042010.ashx
http://plantprobs.net/plant/nutrientImbalances/iron.html
https://blog.brightagrotech.com/iron-in-aquaponics/
http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=cafes_dean
http://www.smart-fertilizer.com/articles/iron
http://slideplayer.com/slide/5924362/
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/SS/SS55500.pdf
https://www.solverchem.com/articles/chemical-fertilizers/how-to-make-edta-chelated-iron-fertilizers/details
http://www.lsuagcenter.com/~/media/system/e/2/0/1/e201c02bedabf7de30e2e6e48ce99d0e/pub2895ironingyourturfgrasslowres.pdf

Turf Care Supply - TurfReport Blog

Turf Care and Beaty Fertilizer Unite for Growth, Innovation, and Increased Value to Customers

April 18, 2025
Turf Care Supply, LLC, a portfolio company of Platte River Equity, has officially acquired Beaty Fertilizer, the industry respected Tennessee-based manufacturer and blender of custom granular and liquid fertilizers, as well as combination products. This strategic move expands Turf Care’s manufacturing footprint, adds new product capabilities, and enhances overall production capacity. “The partnership with Beaty Fertilizer marks a major milestone in our journey and an important step forward in our mission to grow, innovate and lead in our industry,” said Mark Mangan, President of Turf Care. “This acquisition is more than just expansion; it’s a powerful opportunity to strengthen our product offerings, broaden our market reach and provide greater value to our customers. By welcoming Beaty into the Turf Care family, we are reinforcing our commitment to excellence and positioning ourselves for an even brighter future.” “We are excited about this next step in the Beaty Fertilizer story. For almost 50 years, our family and our employees have worked hard to serve customers and communities with pride and heart,” said John Beaty, President of Beaty. “Now, we are embracing an opportunity for growth with Turf Care. With our combined know-how and resources, we’ll keep building on what we’ve worked so hard to create and bring even more value to our customers, employees and partners. We truly believe this partnership will keep the Beaty legacy going strong while opening up new doors for growth and innovation.” Tarun Kanthety, Vice President at Platte River, added, “We believe the acquisition of Beaty Fertilizer represents a strategic step in expanding Turf Care’s footprint and product breadth... as it scales and enhances its value proposition to customers.”

Grub Management: Understanding Life Cycles and Optimal Treatment Timing

April 18, 2025
Root out Grubs, Before they Attack Yours! White grubs, the immature stage of several scarab beetles—including Japanese beetles, masked chafers, May and June beetles, and green June beetles—are a major threat to turfgrass across the Southeast. These beetles follow a complete metamorphosis (egg, grub, pupa, adult), with most species completing their cycle in one year. Eggs are laid in early summer, grubs hatch within two weeks, and begin feeding on turfgrass roots through the late summer and fall. May and June beetles differ slightly, with a two- to three-year life cycle and prolonged feeding as third-instar grubs. Grubs damage turf by severing roots, causing grass to yellow, wilt, or lift easily from the soil. Feeding is typically concentrated in patches and worsens during hot, dry weather. Wildlife digging for grubs can create further turf destruction. Healthy turf may tolerate 5–10 grubs per square foot, but damage becomes evident as populations rise or turf is under stress. Early detection and timing are essential. Scouting begins in late June, shortly after adult beetle activity peaks. Monitoring plants favored by beetles can signal egg-laying is underway. Treatment is most effective when small grubs are active—typically from mid-July through early August. For professional turfgrass managers, insecticides containing imidacloprid (Merit®), chlorantraniliprole (Acelepryn®), or trichlorfon (Dylox®) are the most effective tools. The primary months of preventative application of Acelepryn® is from April to end of May and Merit® from April into July - targeting grubs before they hatch. Curative treatments with Dylox® or similar products are applied July through the fall, when young grubs are feeding and most vulnerable. Always follow label directions for optimal application and safety. Timing may vary slightly by regional seasonal needs. Turf Care Supply has a variety of professional TCS Growstar insecticide fertilizers available to protect your turf and prevent grub damage, before it starts. Click on the button below to view products, contact your sales rep for addition TC Growstar products available.

Platte River Equity - Press Release: Turf Care Supply, LLC Acquires Agri-Nutrients, Inc.

October 9, 2024
Platte River Equity Portfolio Company Turf Care Supply, LLC Acquires Agri-Nutrients, Inc. Brunswick, OH , October 9, 2024 – Platte River Equity (“Platte River”) portfolio company Turf Care Supply, LLC (“Turf Care”) is pleased to announce its acquisition of Agri-Nutrients, Inc. (“Agri-Nutrients”), a manufacturer and blender of custom granular fertilizers for the turf & ornamental (“T&O”) industry. This strategic acquisition provides Turf Care with an established presence in the south-central United States, an enhanced product portfolio and additional manufacturing capacity. “This acquisition represents much more than a business transaction; it is a strategic step forward in expanding our reach and enhancing our customers’ growth. By bringing Agri-Nutrients into the Turf Care family, we are broadening our product portfolio, expanding our market presence and further positioning ourselves as a leader in providing innovative solutions for our customers,” said Mark Mangan, President of Turf Care. “We are excited about joining the Turf Care team,” said Jim Montgomery, President of Agri-Nutrients. “At Agri-Nutrients, our core values center around customer service and product innovation, and we are confident that this combination will allow us to better serve the needs of our customers.” “Platte River welcomes the Agri-Nutrients team to Turf Care. This transaction underscores our long-term commitment to fostering growth through both organic and inorganic initiatives across the Turf Care platform,” said Tarun Kanthety, Vice President of Platte River. “The partnership with Agri-Nutrients strengthens Turf Care’s value-added offering, creating additional growth opportunities across the combined customer base.” B&A Corporate Advisors served as the exclusive financial advisor to Agri-Nutrients. About Agri-Nutrients Founded in 1992 and based in Catoosa, OK, Agri-Nutrients is a manufacturer and blender of custom granular fertilizers for the T&O industry, predominantly selling into the lawn care, sports turf and golf course end markets. About Turf Care Supply Established in 1974, Turf Care Supply is one of the largest formulators and blenders of urea products to the T&O market. Turf Care has a comprehensive product portfolio of fertilizers, combination products (herbicide/insecticide), soil amendments and enhanced efficiency fertilizer ingredients. Turf Care's products are sold to distributors and blenders serving the commercial, residential and golf end markets. Turf Care operates four manufacturing facilities strategically located throughout the eastern U.S. About Platte River Equity Founded in 2006 and based in Denver, CO, Platte River Equity is a private equity firm focused on investments in established lower middle market operating companies within targeted industrial sectors where it has substantial operating and investing experience. Platte River utilizes prudent capital structures in order to invest in future growth opportunities and withstand changing economic environments. The firm also provides significant ongoing support to its portfolio companies through dedicated resources across functional areas. The firm has raised funds with committed capital in excess of $1.6 billion and is currently investing out of its fifth fund. The Platte River team is the largest collective investor across its funds, deeply aligning the firm with its investors and portfolio company management teams.
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